############################################################# # Historical Object Data File # # Hartmut Frommert # # with contributions by Guy McArthur and Chris Kronberg # # URL:http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/histlist.dat # ############################################################# # # Columns: # # MMMMmmmmmm NNNN "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC" cccccc TT tttttt RR RR.R DDD DD MM.M DDDDDDDDD dddddd.ddd yyyyyyyyyyyy wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww nnnnnnnn.. # # MMMMmmmmmm Messier number, name, or other catalog no. # NNNN NGC or IC number # "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC" Constellation (Full name) # cccccc Constellation (Abbrevation, file name) # TT Type of object # ttttt Subtype (i.e., type of cluster, nebula, or galaxy) # RR RR.R Right Ascension in hours and minutes # DDD DD Declination in degrees and minutes # MM.M Apparent visual magnitude # DDDDDDDDD Apparent (angular) diameter in arc minutes # ddddd.ddd distance in kilo-lightyears # yyyyyyyyyyyy Year and date of discoverer # wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww who discovered the object # nnnnnnnn.. Name and/or comments # ##################################### # # Types: # # 1 Open Cluster # 2 Globular Cluster # 3 Planetary Nebula # 4 Diffuse Nebula # 5 Spiral Galaxy # 6 Elliptical Galaxy # 7 Irregular Galaxy (M82) # 8 Lenticular (S0) Galaxy # 9 Supernova Remnant (M1) # A System of 4 stars or Asterism (M73) # B Milky Way Patch (M24) # C Binary star (M40) # ##################################### # # positions 2000.0 according to Sky Catalog 2000 # PN vis mag from Hynes # Glob Cl vis mag and distances from Harris' database (29-Feb 96/15 May 97) # vis mag's cross-checked with Sky Catalogue 2000.0 and Kenneth Glyn Jones # for galaxies adopted from Uroanometria 2000.0 # diameters from Bill Arnett's data file # M63 dist from M51 (group) # M77 quoted from HST PR # M101, M81 group, M96 group distances from HST measurements # Virgo cl distance 60 Mly assumed (HST via M96 gr) # ##################################### M 1 1952 "Taurus" Tau 9 - 05 34.5 +22 01 8.4 6x4 6.3 1731 Bevis Crab Nebula M 2 7089 "Aquarius" Aqr 2 II 21 33.5 -00 49 6.5 12.9 36.2 1746 Sep 11 Maraldi M 3 5272 "Canes Venaciti" CVn 2 VI 13 42.2 +28 23 6.2 16.2 30.6 1764 May 3 Messier M 4 6121 "Scorpius" Sco 2 IX 16 23.6 -26 32 5.6 26.3 6.8 1745-6 de Cheseaux No. 19 M 5 5904 "Serpens" SerCap 2 V 15 18.6 +02 05 5.6 17.4 22.8 1702 May 5 Kirch M 6 6405 "Scorpius" Sco 1 'e' 17 40.1 -32 13 5.3 25.0 2 <1654 Hodierna Butterfly Cluster M 7 6475 "Scorpius" Sco 1 'e' 17 53.9 -34 49 4.1 80.0 0.8 138 AD Ptolemy The Scorpion's Tail, Ptolemy's Cluster M 8 6523 "Sagittarius" Sgr 4 E 18 03.8 -24 23 6.0 90x40 5.2 1749 Le Gentil Lagoon Nebula M 9 6333 "Ophiuchus" Oph 2 VIII 17 19.2 -18 31 7.7 9.3 26.4 1764 May 28 Messier M 10 6254 "Ophiuchus" Oph 2 VII 16 57.1 -04 06 6.6 15.1 13.4 1764 May 29 Messier M 11 6705 "Scutum" Sct 1 'g' 18 51.1 -06 16 6.3 14.0 6 1681 Kirch Wild Duck Cluster M 12 6218 "Ophiuchus" Oph 2 IX 16 47.2 -01 57 6.7 14.5 17.6 1764 May 30 Messier M 13 6205 "Hercules" Her 2 V 16 41.7 +36 28 5.8 16.6 22.8 1714 Halley Hercules Globular Cluster M 14 6402 "Ophiuchus" Oph 2 VIII 17 37.6 -03 15 7.6 11.7 27.4 1764 Jun 1 Messier M 15 7078 "Pegasus" Peg 2 IV 21 30.0 +12 10 6.2 12.3 32.6 1746 Sep 7 Maraldi M 16 6611 "Serpens" SerCau 1 'e' 18 18.8 -13 47 6.4 7.0 7 1745-46 de Cheseaux No. 4 associated with the Eagle Nebula M 17 6618 "Sagittarius" Sgr 4 E 18 20.8 -16 11 7.0 11.0 5 1745-46 de Cheseaux No. 20 Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, or Lobster Nebula M 18 6613 "Sagittarius" Sgr 1 'd' 18 19.9 -17 08 7.5 9.0 4.9 1764 Jun 3 Messier M 19 6273 "Ophiuchus" Oph 2 VIII 17 02.6 -26 16 6.8 13.5 27.1 1764 Jun 5 Messier M 20 6514 "Sagittarius" Sgr 4 E+R 18 02.6 -23 02 9.0 28.0 5.2 1764 Jun 5 Messier Trifid Nebula M 21 6531 "Sagittarius" Sgr 1 'd' 18 04.6 -22 30 6.5 13.0 4.25 1764 Jun 5 Messier M 22 6656 "Sagittarius" Sgr 2 VII 18 36.4 -23 54 5.1 24.0 10.1 1665 Aug 26 Ihle M 23 6494 "Sagittarius" Sgr 1 'e' 17 56.8 -19 01 6.9 27.0 2.15 1764 Jun 20 Messier M 24 >6603 "Sagittarius" Sgr B - 18 16.9 -18 29 4.6 90 10 1764 Jun 20 [Messier] Sagittarius Star Cloud, Delle Caustiche M 25 I4725 "Sagittarius" Sgr 1 'd' 18 31.6 -19 15 6.5 40.0 2 1745-46 de Cheseaux No. 5 M 26 6694 "Scutum" Sct 1 'f' 18 45.2 -09 24 8.0 15.0 5 1764 Jun 20 Messier M 27 6853 "Vulpecula" Vul 3 3a+2 19 59.6 +22 43 7.4 8.0x5.7 1.25 1764 Jul 12 Messier Dumbbell Nebula M 28 6626 "Sagittarius" Sgr 2 IV 18 24.5 -24 52 6.8 11.2 17.9 1764 Jul 27 Messier M 29 6913 "Cygnus" Cyg 1 'd' 20 23.9 +38 32 7.1 7.0 4.0 1764 Jul 29 Messier M 30 7099 "Capricornus" Cap 2 V 21 40.4 -23 11 7.2 11.0 24.8 1764 Aug 3 Messier M 31 224 "Andromeda" And 5 Sb 00 42.7 +41 16 3.4 178x63 2900 < 905 AD Al Sufi Andromeda Galaxy M 32 221 "Andromeda" And 6 E2 00 42.7 +40 52 8.1 8x6 2900 1749 Oct 29 Le Gentil A Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, M31 M 33 598 "Triangulum" Tri 5 Sc 01 33.9 +30 39 5.7 73x45 3000 <1654 Hodierna Triangulum Galaxy M 34 1039 "Perseus" Per 1 'd' 02 42.0 +42 47 5.5 35.0 1.4 <1654 Hodierna M 35 2168 "Gemini" Gem 1 'e' 06 08.9 +24 20 5.3 28.0 2.8 1745-46 de Cheseaux No. 12 M 36 1960 "Auriga" Aur 1 'f' 05 36.1 +34 08 6.3 12.0 4.1 <1654 Hodierna M 37 2099 "Auriga" Aur 1 'f' 05 52.4 +32 33 6.2 24.0 4.4 <1654 Hodierna M 38 1912 "Auriga" Aur 1 'e' 05 28.4 +35 50 7.4 21.0 4.2 <1654 Hodierna M 39 7092 "Cygnus" Cyg 1 'e' 21 32.2 +48 26 5.2 32.0 0.825 1764 Oct 24 Messier M 40 "Ursa Major" UMa C - 12 22.4 +58 05 8.4 0.8 0.3 1764 Oct 24 [Messier] Winnecke 4 M 41 2287 "Canis Major" CMa 1 'e' 06 46.0 -20 44 4.6 38.0 2.3 <1654 Hodierna M 42 1976 "Orion" Ori 4 E+R 05 35.4 -05 27 4.0 85x60 1.6 1610 Peiresc Orion Nebula M 43 1982 "Orion" Ori 4 E+R 05 35.6 -05 16 9.0 20x15 1.6 1731 de Mairan De Mairan's Nebula, part of Orion Nebula M 44 2632 "Cancer" Cnc 1 'd' 08 40.1 +19 59 3.7 95.0 0.577 300-250 BC Aratus/Theophrastus Beehive Cluster, Praesepe M 45 "Taurus" Tau 1 'c' 03 47.0 +24 07 1.6 110.0 0.38 pre-hist (Hesiod 1000 BC) Pleiades M 46 2437 "Puppis" Pup 1 'f' 07 41.8 -14 49 6.0 27.0 5.4 1771 Feb 19 Messier M 47 2422 "Puppis" Pup 1 'd' 07 36.6 -14 30 5.2 30.0 1.6 <1654 Hodierna M 48 2548 "Hydra" Hya 1 'f' 08 13.8 -05 48 5.5 54.0 1.5 1771 Feb 19 Messier M 49 4472 "Virgo" Vir 6 E4 12 29.8 +08 00 8.4 9x7.5 60000 1771 Feb 19 Messier M 50 2323 "Monoceros" Mon 1 'e' 07 03.2 -08 20 6.3 16.0 3 1711 G.D. Cassini (?) M 51 5194 "Canes Venaciti" CVn 5 Sc 13 29.9 +47 12 8.4 11x7 37000 1773 Oct 13 Messier Whirlpool Galaxy M 52 7654 "Cassiopea" Cas 1 'e' 23 24.2 +61 35 7.3 13.0 5.0 1774 Sep 7 Messier M 53 5024 "Coma Berenices" Com 2 V 13 12.9 +18 10 7.6 12.6 56.4 1775 Feb 3 Bode (#26) M 54 6715 "Sagittarius" Sgr 2 III 18 55.1 -30 29 7.6 9.1 82.8 1778 Jul 24 Messier M 55 6809 "Sagittarius" Sgr 2 XI 19 40.0 -30 58 6.3 19.0 16.6 1751-52 Lacaille I.14 M 56 6779 "Lyra" Lyr 2 X 19 16.6 +30 11 8.3 7.1 31.6 1779 Jan 19 Messier M 57 6720 "Lyra" Lyr 3 4+3 18 53.6 +33 02 8.8 1.4x1.0 4.1 1779 Jan Darquier Ring Nebula M 58 4579 "Virgo" Vir 5 SBc 12 37.7 +11 49 9.7 5.5x4.5 60000 1779 Apr 15 Messier M 59 4621 "Virgo" Vir 6 E5 12 42.0 +11 39 9.6 5x3.5 60000 1779 Apr 11 Koehler M 60 4649 "Virgo" Vir 6 E2 12 43.7 +11 33 8.8 7x6 60000 1779 Apr 11 Koehler M 61 4303 "Virgo" Vir 5 SABbc 12 21.9 +04 28 9.7 6x5.5 60000 1779 May 5 Oriani M 62 6266 "Ophiuchus" Oph 2 IV 17 01.2 -30 07 6.5 14.1 21.5 1771 Jun 7 Messier M 63 5055 "Canes Venaciti" CVn 5 Sb 13 15.8 +42 02 8.6 10x6 37000 1779 Jun 14 Mechain Sunflower Galaxy M 64 4826 "Coma Berenices" Com 5 Sb 12 56.7 +21 41 8.5 9.3x5.4 12000 1779 Apr 4 Bode (#77) Blackeye Galaxy M 65 3623 "Leo" Leo 5 Sa 11 18.9 +13 05 9.3 8x1.5 35000 1780 Mar 1 Mechain in the Leo Triplett M 66 3627 "Leo" Leo 5 Sb 11 20.2 +12 59 8.9 8x2.5 35000 1780 Mar 1 Mechain in the Leo Triplett M 67 2682 "Cancer" Cnc 1 'f' 08 50.4 +11 49 6.1 30.0 2.7 <1779 Koehler (#19) M 68 4590 "Hydra" Hya 2 X 12 39.5 -26 45 7.8 12.0 32.3 1780 Apr 9 Mechain M 69 6637 "Sagittarius" Sgr 2 V 18 31.4 -32 21 7.6 7.1 26.7 1751-52 Lacaille I.11 M 70 6681 "Sagittarius" Sgr 2 V 18 43.2 -32 18 7.9 7.8 28.0 1780 Aug 31 Messier M 71 6838 "Sagitta" Sge 2 X-XI 19 53.8 +18 47 8.2 7.2 11.7 1745-46 de Cheseaux No. 13 M 72 6981 "Aquarius" Aqr 2 IX 20 53.5 -12 32 9.3 5.9 52.8 1780 Aug 30 Mechain M 73 6994 "Aquarius" Aqr A - 20 58.9 -12 38 9.0 2.8 0 1780 Oct 4 [Messier] M 74 628 "Pisces" Psc 5 Sc 01 36.7 +15 47 9.4 10.2x9.5 35000 1780 Sep end Mechain M 75 6864 "Sagittarius" Sgr 2 I 20 06.1 -21 55 8.5 6.0 57.7 1780 Aug 27 Mechain M 76 650 "Perseus" Per 3 3+6 01 42.4 +51 34 10.1 2.7x1.8 3.4 1780 Sep 5 Mechain Little Dumbbell Nebula M 77 1068 "Cetus" Cet 5 Sb 02 42.7 -00 01 8.9 7x6 60000 1780 Oct 29 Mechain Cetus A M 78 2068 "Orion" Ori 4 R 05 46.7 +00 03 8.3 8x6 1.6 1780 "begin" Mechain M 79 1904 "Lepus" Lep 2 V 05 24.5 -24 33 7.7 8.7 41.1 1780 Oct 26 Mechain M 80 6093 "Scorpius" Sco 2 II 16 17.0 -22 59 7.3 8.9 27.4 1781 Jan 4 Messier M 81 3031 "Ursa Major" UMa 5 Sb 09 55.6 +69 04 6.9 21x10 12000 1774 Dec 31 Bode (#17) Bode's Galaxy M 82 3034 "Ursa Major" UMa 7 Ir-II 09 55.8 +69 41 8.4 9x4 12000 1774 Dec 31 Bode (#18) Cigar Galaxy M 83 5236 "Hydra" Hya 5 SABc 13 37.0 -29 52 7.6 11x10 15000 1751-52 Lacaille I.6 Southern Pinwheel M 84 4374 "Virgo" Vir 8 S0 12 25.1 +12 53 9.1 5.0 60000 1781 Mar 18 Messier M 85 4382 "Coma Berenices" Com 8 S0 12 25.4 +18 11 9.1 7.1x5.2 60000 1781 Mar 4 Mechain M 86 4406 "Virgo" Vir 8 S0 12 26.2 +12 57 8.9 7.5x5.5 60000 1781 Mar 18 Messier M 87 4486 "Virgo" Vir 6 E1 12 30.8 +12 24 8.6 7.0 60000 1781 Mar 18 Messier Virgo A M 88 4501 "Coma Berenices" Com 5 Sc 12 32.0 +14 25 9.6 7x4 60000 1781 Mar 18 Messier M 89 4552 "Virgo" Vir 6 E0 12 35.7 +12 33 9.8 4.0 60000 1781 Mar 18 Messier M 90 4569 "Virgo" Vir 5 Sb 12 36.8 +13 10 9.5 9.5x4.5 60000 1781 Mar 18 Messier M 91 4548 "Coma Berenices" Com 5 SBb 12 35.4 +14 30 10.2 5.4x4.4 60000 1781 Mar 18 Messier M 92 6341 "Hercules" Her 2 IV 17 17.1 +43 08 6.4 11.2 26.4 1777 Dec 31 Bode (#76) M 93 2447 "Puppis" Pup 1 'g' 07 44.6 -23 52 6.0 22.0 3.6 1781 Mar 20 Messier M 94 4736 "Canes Venaciti" CVn 5 Sb 12 50.9 +41 07 8.2 7x3 14500 1781 Mar 22 Mechain M 95 3351 "Leo" Leo 5 SBb 10 44.0 +11 42 9.7 4.4x3.3 38000 1781 Mar 20 Mechain M 96 3368 "Leo" Leo 5 Sa 10 46.8 +11 49 9.2 6x4 38000 1781 Mar 20 Mechain M 97 3587 "Ursa Major" UMa 3 3a 11 14.8 +55 01 9.9 3.4x3.3 2.6 1781 Feb 16 Mechain Owl Nebula M 98 4192 "Coma Berenices" Com 5 Sb 12 13.8 +14 54 10.1 9.5x3.2 60000 1781 Mar 15 Mechain M 99 4254 "Coma Berenices" Com 5 Sc 12 18.8 +14 25 9.9 5.4x4.8 60000 1781 Mar 15 Mechain M100 4321 "Coma Berenices" Com 5 Sc 12 22.9 +15 49 9.3 7x6 60000 1781 Mar 15 Mechain M101 5457 "Ursa Major" UMa 5 Sc 14 03.2 +54 21 7.9 22.0 27000 1781 Mar 27 Mechain Pinwheel Galaxy M102? 5866 "Draco" Dra 8 S0_3 15 06.5 +55 46 9.9 5.2x2.3 40000 1781 Mar-Apr Mechain? Messier? Spindle Galaxy M103 581 "Cassiopea" Cas 1 'd' 01 33.2 +60 42 7.4 6.0 8 1781 Mar-Apr Mechain M104 4594 "Virgo" Vir 5 Sa 12 40.0 -11 37 8.0 9x4 50000 1781 May 11 Messier Sombrero Galaxy M105 3379 "Leo" Leo 6 E1 10 47.8 +12 35 9.3 2.0 38000 1781 Mar 24 Mechain M106 4258 "Canes Venaciti" CVn 5 Sbp 12 19.0 +47 18 8.4 19x8 25000 1781 Jul Mechain M107 6171 "Ophiuchus" Oph 2 X 16 32.5 -13 03 7.9 10.0 19.6 1782 Apr Mechain M108 3556 "Ursa Major" UMa 5 Sc 11 11.5 +55 40 10.0 8x1 45000 1781 Feb 16 Mechain M109 3992 "Ursa Major" UMa 5 SBc 11 57.6 +53 23 9.8 7x4 55000 1781 Feb 16 Mechain M110 205 "Andromeda" And 6 E6p 00 40.4 +41 41 8.5 17x10 2900 1773 Aug 10 Messier A Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, M31 104 "Tucana" Tuc 2 III 00:24.1 -72:05 4.03 30.9 13.4 1751-52 Lacaille I.1 47 Tucanae 752 "Andromeda" And 1 'd' 01:57.8 +37:41 5.7 60 1.3 <1654 Hodierna (prob) 869 "Perseus" Per 1 'f' 02:19.0 +57:09 4.3 30 7.1 130 BC Hipparchus h Persei, double cluster with chi. 884 "Perseus" Per 1 'e' 02:22.4 +57:07 4.4 30 7.4 130 BC Hipparchus chi Persei, double cluster with h. 2070 "Dorado" Dor 4 E 05:38.7 -69:06 8 40x25 179.0 1751-52 Lacaille I.2 Tarantula Nebula in LMC 2244 "Monoceros" Mon 1 06:32.3 +05:03 4.8 80x60 5.5 1690 Flamsteed cluster in Rosette Nebula 2362 "Canis Major" CMa 1 07:18.8 -24:57 4.1 8 5.0 <1654 Hodierna Tau CMa cluster 2451 "Puppis" Pup 1 07:45.4 -37:58 2.8 45 0.85 <1654 Hodierna (prob) 2477 "Puppis" Pup 1 'g' 07:52.3 -38:33 5.8 27 4.2 1751-52 Lacaille I.3 2516 "Carina" Car 1 'g' 07:58.3 -60:52 3.8 30 1.3 1751-52 Lacaille II.3 2546 "Puppis" Pup 1 08:12.4 -37:38 6.3 41 3.3 1751-52 Lacaille II.4 2547 "Vela" Vel 1 'd' 08:10.7 -49:16 4.7 20 1.96 1751-52 Lacaille III.2 3228 "Vela" Vel 1 'f' 10:21.8 -51:43 6.0 18 1.6 1751-52 Lacaille II.7 3293 "Carina" Car 1 'd' 10:35.8 -58:14 4.7 6 8.4 1751-52 Lacaille II.8 3372 "Carina" Car 4 E 10:43.8 -59:52 1.0 120x120 10.0 1751-52 Lacaille III.5.6 Eta Carinae nebula 3532 "Carina" Car 1 11:06.4 -58:40 3.0 55 1.3 1751-52 Lacaille II.10 3766 "Centaurus" Cen 1 11:36.1 -61:37 5.3 12 5.5 1751-52 Lacaille III.7 4755 "Crux" Cru 1 12:53.6 -60:20 4.2 10 7.6 1751-52 Lacaille II.12 Kappa Cruxis, the Jewel Box cluster 4833 "Musca" Mus 2 VIII 12:59.6 -70:53 6.91 13.5 18.6 1751-52 Lacaille I.4 5139 "Centaurus" Cen 2 VIII 13:26.8 -47:29 3.68 36.3 16.0 1677 Halley Omega Centauri 5195 "Canes Venatici" CVn 7 Pec 13:30.0 +47:16 9.6 6.4x4.6 37000 1781 Mar 20 Mechain Companion of M51 5281 "Centaurus" Cen 1 13:46.6 -62:54 5.9 5 4.2 1751-52 Lacaille I.7 5662 "Centaurus" Cen 1 14:35.2 -56:33 5.5 12 1751-52 Lacaille III.8 6025 "Triangulum Australe" TrA 1 16:03.7 -60:30 5.1 12 2.7 1751-52 Lacaille III.10 6124 "Scorpius" Sco 1 16:25.6 -40:40 5.8: 29 18.6 1751-52 Lacaille I.8 6231 "Scorpius" Sco 1 'e' 16:54.0 -41:48 2.6 15 5.9 <1654 Hodierna 6242 "Scorpius" Sco 1 'f' 16:55.6 -39:30 6.4 9 3.9 1751-52 Lacaille I.10 6397 "Ara" Ara 2 IX 17:40.7 -53:40 5.9 26.0 7.2 1751-52 Lacaille III.11 6530 "Sagittarius" Sgr 1 18:04.8 -24:20 4.6 14 5.2 <1654 Hodierna Open cluster associated with M8 6633 "Ophiuchus" Oph 1 18:27.7 +06:34 4.6 27 1.04 1745-46 de Cheseaux I2391 "Vela" Vel 1 'c' 08:40.2 -53:04 2.5 50 0.58 964 AD Al Sufi; Lac II.5 omicron Velorum cluster I2488 "Vela" Vel 1 09:27.6 -56:59 7.4p 15 ? 1751-52 Lacaille III.4 I2602 "Carina" Car 1 10:43.2 -64:24 1.9 50 0.479 1751-52 Lacaille II.9 theta Carinae cluster, Southern Pleiades I4665 "Ophiuchus" Oph 1 17:46.3 +05:43 4.2 70 1.4 1745-46 de Cheseaux Milky Way "Sagittarius" Sgr 5 SABbc 17:45.6 -28:56 28 pre-hist Milky Way, our Galaxy Mel 20 "Perseus" Per 1 03:22 +49: 1.2 185 0.601 <1654 Hodierna The Alpha Persei Moving Cluster Cr 399 "Vulpecula" Vul 1 19:25.4 +20:11 3.6 60 0.42 964 AD Al Sufi Brocchi's Cluster Mel 25 "Taurus" Tau 1 04:27 +16: 0.5 330 0.150 pre-hist Hyades LMC "Dorado" Dor 7 SBm 05:23.6 -69:45 0.1 650x550 179.0 pre-hist (Magellan 1519) Large Magellanic Cloud Mel 111 "Coma Berenices" Com 1 12:25 +26: 1.8 275 0.288 138 AD Ptolemy Coma Star Cluster SMC 292 "Tucana" Tuc 7 SBmp 00:52.7 -72:50 2.3 280x160 210 pre-hist (Magellan 1519) Small Magellanic Cloud UMa Cl "Ursa Major" UMa 1 12:30: +56: 0: 1800: 0.075 pre-hist Ursa Major Moving Cluster #